1.9 IDEAS OF SOCIAL EQUALITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE OF FRENCH SCIENTISTS

Abstract

Аnnotation

  In the article, it is analyzed that René Descartes is considered one of the thinkers who left an indelible mark on the development of philosophical thoughts with his remarkable philosophical views, that Descartes was not indifferent to the processes taking place in society in his socio-ethical views, and that he described several of his moral procedures.

Key words: ethics, customs, laws, stability, justice.

  René Descartes, who went down in history with his important scientific research in the fields of mathematics, geometry and physics, is one of the thinkers who left an indelible mark on the development of philosophical thought with his remarkable philosophical views. First of all, let's talk about Descartes' social and moral views. Descartes, who was not indifferent to the processes taking place in society, describes several of his moral procedures. On their basis, he builds his life principles, and among them the first rule is obedience to the laws and customs of his country. It should be noted that this principle of life, previously put forward by Descartes, has always acquired significance for both citizens and the state. In particular, it plays a large role in ensuring socio-political stability in the life of society. It was also useful for ordinary people. Because citizens who abided by the laws and customs of their country continued their peaceful lifestyle in society without being persecuted by the state. Then the question naturally arises. Well, if following laws and customs is necessary and beneficial, then why shouldn't everyone follow this procedure. Who are those who violate the laws of the state, who deny the customs of society? The correct answer to this question can be given the following several considerations:

Firstly, the laws established in the state are unfair, and the established traditions are outdated. Such situations exist in times of slavery, feudalism, dictatorships and autocratic regimes based on individual power;

Secondly, there are different approaches to compliance with laws and customs. For example, what is impossible for many people is possible for others. Or, in other words, there is punishment for some of those who disobey laws and customs, but not for others;

Thirdly, the laws of the country are fair and customs are all right, but citizens do not obey them for various reasons, sometimes from immorality, sometimes from legal illiteracy, sometimes from negligence, sometimes intentionally and for other reasons.

It should be said that non-compliance with laws and customs within the framework of existing social relations occurs mainly in the second and third cases, which we indicated above. Because today in most countries of the world a democratic system has been established, a civil society has been formed or continues to develop to achieve this goal. Therefore, their laws are formulated on the basis of international democratic requirements, customs are formed on the basis of the harmony of national and universal values. Therefore, we believe that it would be appropriate if our contemporaries followed the example of Rene Descartes’ principle.

However, with a thousand regrets and regrets, it should also be mentioned that instead of living according to the customs established on the basis of fair laws and national values in society and universal human principles, some “people have no hope of losing their intelligence as a result of the blind influence of their interests” will lead on an unknown path." It is a pity that those who choose lifestyles that only harm themselves, their loved ones, and the entire society can be found not only in the time of Rene Descartes, but also today, especially in our society.

 The development of social relations is determined by the level of education, mental and intellectual potential, spiritual, cultural, political and legal literacy of members of society. The experience of the development of human society has already confirmed the correctness of this conclusion. This is confirmed by the opinions of many famous thinkers in the field of philosophy. For example, Julien Offrede La Mettrie, born and raised in the town of Saint-Malo in France, who studied both medicine and philosophy, writes on this subject: “You must spread enlightenment and serve society, even if you suffer.” In our previous comments, we emphasized and analyzed in detail the need for a number of factors in the development of social relations, the development of the state and society. Without hesitation we can include among these factors the principle of knowledge. In fact, science is part of enlightenment, an integral part of it. To make it more understandable to people, science and education are often used together. However, the concept of enlightenment is a very comprehensive concept that includes many other concepts besides science. Education means the education of the people, mastery of all areas of science, achievement of technological advances and digital technologies, their use in real life to increase the efficiency of production in the national economy and agriculture, in general, in all spheres of the economy, and ultimately bring the country's development to higher level. You see how great the power of enlightenment is. Those who were able to correctly assess this force and use it effectively were now among the advanced countries of that time in the war. As an example, let's take the well-known country of Japan. The situation in Japan in 1945-1950 was not the best. The television series “Oshen” and other feature films and documentaries shown on television channels in Uzbekistan vividly describe the backwardness of the Japanese state of that time and the hard life of the Japanese people. Thirty years later, the people and the state, who found themselves in such a difficult situation, emerged from the quagmire of backwardness and reached a high level of development. Panasonic, Sony, Toyota, Nissan and many other Japanese companies and manufacturing enterprises have occupied the world market with their products. As a result of the increase in GDP per capita, the standard of living of the Japanese has naturally increased. Real cash incomes of the population have increased, and lifestyles have become more prosperous. This short-term development was recognized by the world community as a “Japanese miracle.” Currently, everyone knows the secret, that is, the important factors of this Japanese miracle. The most important of them: patriotism, joint actions towards the goal, legality and, of course, attention to education as a factor of national importance. At the same time, in Japan, youth education, excellent education and diligent mastery of all subjects were controlled at the state level, and all conditions were created for this. This approach paid off. Knowledgeable, talented, capable, skillful and intellectually capable representatives of the new generation of youth came out and created this “Japanese miracle” and delivered high-tech products to the world population.

REFERENCES

1. Salimov B.L. Expression of Dialectic Categories in the Individual’s Social Life // eu. International Journal of InnovativeAnalyses and Emerging Technology. Volume: 1, lssue 4, 2021. -Р.16-18.
2. Salimov Baxriddin Lutfullaevich. The philosophical role of dialectical categories in human life. Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences.  Volume: 1, lssue 6,  2021. -Р.406-410.
3. Salimov Baxriddin Lutfullaevich. Prospects of Development of Communication and Transport System in Uzbekistan. WEB OF SYNERGY: International Interdisciplinary Research Journal. Volume 2 Issue 2, Year 2023 ISSN: 2835-3013.
4. Salimov, B., Madalimov, T. (2023). Transport falsafasi. Globe Edit.
5. Salimov Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich. The Importance of Sea Transport in the Communication System. WEB OF SYNERGY: International Interdisciplinary Research Journal. Volume 2 Issue 1, Year 2023 ISSN: 2835-3013.
6. Salimov Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich. The Influence of the Transport and Communication System on Social Relations. Web of Semantic: Universal Journal on Ie Education. Volume 2 Issue 2, Year 2023. ISSN: 2835-3048.
7. Salimov Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich. Reforms in the Fields of Communication and Transport and their Social Impact. Web of Semantic: Universal Journal on Ie Education. Volume 2 Issue 2, Year 2023. ISSN: 2835-3048.
8. Салимов Б.Л. Ижтимоий муносабатларнинг коммуникация ва транспорт тизими билан детерминистик боғлиқлигининг гносеологик таҳлили. Фалсафа фанлари доктори диссертацияси. Ўзбекистон Миллий университети. Тошкент. 2022, 224 б.
9. Salimov Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich, Tursunov, Shokhijakhan Ravshanovich, Haydarov, Mehriddin Nuriddin Ugli (2023). SYNERGETIC APPROACH IN THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS. Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences, 3 (3), 1001-1007.
10. Bakhriddin Lutfullaevich Salimov. NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT. International Conference" Law, Economics and Tourism sciences in the modern world". 2023/5/1. С. 5-10.