1.7 SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BENEFITS OF MARITIME TRANSPORT

Abstract

Аnnotation

Although Uzbekistan cannot go directly to the shores of the world's seas, our country has its own ships, its own fleet, and has opportunities to speak on the world's sea routes. In our opinion, to achieve this, a number of tasks must be solved. We believe that the implementation of these interstate tasks will bring social relations to the modern level.

Key words: sea, river, ship, opportunity, transport.

 As you know, river transport in our country was effective in the past. Ships and boats constantly sail along our rivers. Since the 18th century, the expansion of trade relations between Russia and the countries of the East had a positive impact on the development of river transport in Central Asia. Meanwhile, Russia's interest in Central Asia grew and it gradually began to implement its invasion plan. Russia, which occupied the northern coast of the Aral Sea and the lower reaches of the Syr Darya, formed the Aral military flotilla in 1847. The purpose of this military flotilla was to protect the occupied territories, develop new lands and create the ground for further campaigns. Thus, the khanates of Central Asia were subsequently completely conquered.

The Russian government created the conditions for the development of river transport in Central Asia primarily for military purposes and for the purpose of control over the territory. Of course, this river transport, which developed over time, had a positive impact on improving socio-economic relations in the region. Since 1873, uninterrupted steamship traffic has been established along the Amu Darya. In 1887, the Amudarya flotilla was created. By 1913, this flotilla consisted of 8 steamships and 14 barges. In addition to serving military garrisons, they were also involved in passenger and cargo transportation, as well as postal services. In 1923, during the times of the former Soviet Union, which replaced the Russian Empire, the joint-stock company “Central Asian Powder Industry” was created. At this time, he had 20 ships, 50 barges and 1,500 boats plying the 887-kilometer route of ships and boats. And in subsequent years their number increased again. In 1930, a maritime technical school was opened in Tashkent to provide this large industry with the necessary specialists. In order to consolidate theoretical knowledge in practice, in 1939 the technical school was transferred to Chorzhoy.

By 1980, the total length of river routes in Central Asia was 2800 km. Shipping on the Amu Darya was carried out from the port of Pyanj in Tajikistan to the port of Moinok in Uzbekistan.

Of course, many countries, especially the Republic of Uzbekistan, make maximum use of the advantages of inland waterways. Unfortunately, today the Aral Sea is almost drying up, so it is no longer possible to use ships there. In Uzbekistan, waterways and transport have been preserved only in the Amu Darya. However, the water level in the Amudarya is no longer what it used to be. In our other rivers, low water levels do not allow river boats to navigate.

It should be noted that the contribution of the Amu Darya to the water transport of our country is significant. Therefore, in 1950, the first river port was built in the city of Termez, Surkhandoy region. After this, in 1952, a ship repair plant was established in Khojaly, another city on the banks of the Amu Darya. Then new harbors were built along the banks of the Amu Darya, such as Sharlavuk, Tortkol, Beruni, Karatov.

Currently, the following information can be provided about the waterways and river transport of our country, with a total length of about 1000 kilometers. The country's river fleet includes about 150 locomotives, as well as stock exchanges, auxiliary vessels and other equipment. Cargo is mainly transported in the directions Termez-Hayraton, Sharlovuk-Tortkol, Khojayli-Tortkol, Khojayli-Beruniy, Karatov-Takhiatosh. Among river ports, the share of export-import cargo of the Termez river port is large. This port is capable of receiving and shipping more than 2 million tons of cargo per year. However, the volumes of cargo transported to other destinations are not in the best condition. Passenger traffic on these river roads has not been recorded anywhere. Of course, this situation has its own objective and subjective reasons. Firstly, the passage of river vessels is difficult due to a decrease in the water level in the Amu Darya due to the use of large amounts of water for land irrigation. Secondly, the ships in the Amudarya fleet are morally and physically outdated. Therefore, it is necessary to replace these ships with modern small-sized ships.

 It is known that over the years of independence, Uzbekistan has been developing a road communication system and is looking for opportunities for direct access to world markets. The country is undergoing large-scale reforms to improve all types of transport and design new roads. Of course, the positive work being done in the areas of airlines, roads and railways is commendable. However, in our opinion, not enough attention is paid to sea routes and maritime transport, while other areas of the road transport system are in the spotlight. However, as we have repeatedly noted above, in our time, sea transport is convenient, cheap and efficient compared to other modes of transport. It is not for nothing that almost 80 percent of world trade is carried out by sea. So why don't we think about using such efficient sea transport. Having our own ships, we cannot sail along the world’s sea routes under the flag of Uzbekistan on our ships. What prevents us from doing this? There is only one answer - nothing can interfere. Only if there is desire, desire, effort and the will to do it, the finish is ours. If Uzbekistan is located thousands of kilometers from the world's oceans and seas, in the depths of the continent, then how can it go to sea and have its own ships and merchant fleet?

Fair question. In fact, Uzbekistan is located in the middle of the land, and our country has to go through not one, but two countries to reach the maritime borders of the world. In such a situation, the idea of owning your own ships, your own fleet, may seem a little strange.

However, just because it is far from the sea does not mean that it cannot build its own ships and create its own fleet. Although Uzbekistan cannot directly access the shores of the world’s seas, our country has its own ships, its own fleet, and has the ability to operate on the world’s sea routes. In our opinion, for this it is necessary to solve the following problems.

We think that the implementation of these interstate tasks will allow us to bring public relations to the modern level:

- firstly, to achieve the signing of agreements and contracts with partner countries that have seaports and seaports on the use of their ports;

- secondly, the purchase first of one or two modern Navy ships;

- thirdly, to establish cooperation with enterprises that produce modern Navy ships, whose ships have been purchased. Creation of joint ventures for ship maintenance and, if possible, production;

- fourthly, the creation of secondary specialized educational institutions and higher educational institutions or special faculties that carry out training, retraining and advanced training of specialists serving in the fleet;

- fifthly, prepare and implement projects for connecting roads and railways leading to seaports where our ships dock for delivering goods;

- sixthly, in the future, in agreement with interested countries and with the support of the international community, to carry out the construction of a canal connecting the Aral Sea with the Caspian Sea, also intended for shipping.

If the above planned works are implemented, the capabilities of the road communication system of Uzbekistan will increase significantly. This will reduce the cost of our exported products and will find a place for our products in the global market. Because now our products are transported by ships of other countries at a very high cost. This leads to higher prices for our products. It is not enough to do what we recommended above. It requires a lot of money, hard work, effort and patience. If we manage to complete this difficult task, it will definitely yield positive results in the future. This creates the basis for the growth of our country’s economy and increasing export-import potential. It serves to improve social relations of the population and increase the authority of our country at the international level.

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