5.4 MAIN REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL PROBLEMS OF ENSURING SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF SHALLOW METRO STATION STRUCTURES

Abstract

This article examines the basic requirements and common problems of ensuring seismic resistance of shallow subway station structures. It describes the events that may occur in the operational tunnel and their consequences.

Key words: shallow subway stations, seismic resistance, soil, settlement, seismic vibrations, tunnel.

Аннотация . В данной статье рассматриваются основные требования и общие проблемы обеспечения сейсмостойкости конструкций станций метрополитена мелкого заложения. Описаны события, которые могут привести к увеличению тоннажа, и их последствия.

Ключевые слова: исследование метрополитена мелкого заложения, сейсмостойкость, грунты, осадки, сейсмические колебанияб, тоннель.

Introduction. It is known that underground structures, both during the construction period and during the operational period, are objects of increased danger for the personnel working in them. This is caused by the objective presence of natural and man-made factors, the dangerous combination of which is often difficult to foresee and, consequently, to eliminate in advance. In most cases, forecasting possible undesirable situations and effective measures to prevent or eliminate them should take into account, to the maximum extent, the experience accumulated by world practice [1,2].

It is known that transport tunnels are considered as capital structures designed for a long service life (more than 100-150 years). During this period, they must meet the requirements of operational reliability, ensuring failure-free operation, durability, maintainability and maintainability of the structure as a whole and its components, i.e. the ability of the structure to perform specified functions [3,4].

Materials and methods. Practice shows that in the first 5-10 years of tunnel operation, there are usually no serious damages to structures and operating equipment. After 15-25 years, some defects are observed. After 50-70 years, damages are observed that are a consequence of unsuccessful design and construction, the aging of tunnel structure materials increases, and changes in the surrounding soil occur. However, serious violations of the operational reliability of tunnels can occur almost at any time due to natural disasters, failure to comply with safe operating conditions, defects in structures and operating equipment, as well as untimely inspections and repairs of the structure.